块体非晶合金韧塑性研究现状

摘要

How to enhance room-temperature plasticity and toughness have been obstacles for advanced functional structural applications of bulk amorphous alloy.Understanding of the plastic deformation mechanism under loading at room temperature is a precondition for plasticity and toughness improvements.Formation and propagation of highly localized shear bands produce the plastic deformation of bulk amorphous alloy.And to increase the room temperature plasticity depends on how to make the uniform distribu-tion of the shear band.A thorough and detailed research in the field have been done and obtained different methods for plasticity and toughness improvements,such as shot peening,high Poisson's ratio of amorphous alloy system design,as cast phase-separated a-morphous alloy system with microstructural fluctuation,introduction of crystalline phase,and so on.In this paper,the research hot spot,the plastic toughness criterion,the method of finding the formation and expansion of the block amorphous alloys are reviewed from six aspects,that is,the second phase toughened amorphous matrix composites,Poisson's ratio criterion,size effect,surface modifications,preforming multiple shear bands improves preform plasticity,and thermal cycling induced rej uvenation,etc.The paper also points out that to obtain excellent tensile ductility and fracture toughness,is the research object and important develop-ment direction of different amorphous alloy systems,and promotes the application and industrialization of bulk amorphous alloy as a new type of functional structural material.%提高室温塑性和断裂韧性是块体非晶合金作为先进结构材料应用亟待解决的关键科学问题,理解应力加载时的室温塑性变形机制是提高其韧塑性的前提.块体非晶合金通过高度局域化的剪切带形成和扩展而产生塑性变形,提高其室温塑性取决于剪切带的均匀化分布程度.研究者们在该领域做了深入细致的研究工作,如喷丸、设计高泊松比的非晶、设计具有微观起伏结构的铸态相分离非晶以及引入晶相增韧等,使块体非晶合金的韧塑性得到有效改善.从第二相韧塑化非晶基复合材料、泊松比判据、尺寸效应、非晶表面涂层增韧、通过预变形预制多重剪切带改善塑性、冷热循环处理抗非晶合金老化等方面,综述了块体非晶合金韧塑化的研究热点,韧塑性判据,控制剪切带形成、扩展和分布的方法,指出获得良好拉伸塑性和断裂韧性仍是不同体系非晶合金的研究目标和重要发展方向,推动着块体非晶合金作为新型功能结构材料的应用和产业化.