刺参肠道与养殖池塘环境中异养细菌和弧菌数量周年变化

摘要

Annual changes of total heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrios in intestine of Apostichopus japonicus and its culture environment were studied from September 2008 to Novemver 2009. We found that the number of bacteria estimated by HPC （Heterotrophic Plate Count） and VBC （Fibrio bacterial Count） had significant seasonal changes in the intestine ofA. japonicus and the cultured environment. HPC and VBC in the intestine ofA. japonicus ranged from 1.85 x 105 to 2.17× 109 CFU/g and from 4.1× 104to 2.2 x 108 CFU/g, respectively. HPC and VBC in cultured pond water ranged from 90 to 4.67 × 105 CFU/mL and from 0 to 5.3× 103 CFU/mL, respectively. HPC and VBC in the pond sediment ranged from 9.80 × 104 to 6.72 × 106 CFU/g and from 1.01×104 to 5.75 × 105 CFU/g, respectively. HPC and VBC in cultch sediment ranged from 2.78 x l0s to 2.57 × 107 CFU/g and from 4.6 × 104 to 1.31 × 107 CFU/g, respectively. The total bacterial count in summer or autumn was higher than other seasons. The ratios of VBC to HPC were also calculated and indicated that the proportion of Vibros reached 43.8% and 43.2% in winter and spring. Although HPC in winter and spring were lower than thoese of summer and autum, the proportions of Vibro were higher in winter and spring than that of summer and autumn, potentially being the reason of high disease incidence during winter and spring. Our results could be useful to healthy culture of sea cucumber.%2008年9月～2009年10月，对刺参肠道与养殖环境中异养细菌和弧茵周年变化进行了初步研究。结果表明：刺参肠道与养殖环境中（水体、底泥、附着基）异养细菌数（HPC）、弧菌数（VBC）均呈现出明显的季节变化，肠道中HPC、VBC分别为1．85×105～2．17×109CFU／g、4．1×104-2．2×108CFU／g，水体中HPC、VBC分别为90～4．67×105CFU／mL、0～5_3×100CFU／mL，底泥中HPC、VBC分别为9．80×104-6．72×106CFU／g、1．01×104～5．75×105CFU／g，附着基中HPC、VBC分别为2．78×105-2．57×107CFU／g、4．6×104-1．31×107CFU／g，夏、秋两季细菌总数较高，冬、春低温季节细菌数量显著下降。通过VBC与HPC的比值可以看出，在冬、春季细菌总数较低的季节，弧菌与异养细菌数量比例较高，最高值达到：43．8％、43．2％，通过对优势菌的分离鉴定，冬、春两季灿烂弧茵（Vibriosplendidus）均占优势，这可能是造成冬、春两季刺参发病的诱因之一。本文通过研究刺参肠道与养殖环境中异养细菌和弧茵的变化规律，以期为刺参的健康养殖提供有益参考。