汕头3种人工红树林湿地大型底栖动物群落的比较

摘要

This study was conducted to compare macrofaunal communities in the wetlands of three kinds of artifi-cial mangroves ofLaguncularia racemosa,Sonneratia apetala,andSonneratia caseolaris,whose restoration back-ground had been the same, with those of the tidal flats at the Lianyang estuary of Shantou City, Guangdong Prov-ince. The results illustrated considerable differences in dominant species of macrofauna(Y>0.02)in four kinds of habitats. Additionally, the analysis of one-way ANOSIM illustrated considerable structural differences in macro-faunal communities from the four kinds of habitats. Further, the analysis of hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling showed that the structure of macrofaunal communities in the four habitats were consid-erably different. Among the three kinds of artificial mangroves, the macrobenthos community structure ofS. apetala was similar to that ofS. caseolaris. Moreover, the results showed that the order of species diversity and biomass of macrofauna at the three kinds of artificial mangroves wasL. racemosa >S. caseolaris >S. apetala. BIOENV analysis showed that the distribution of macrofauna was closely related to the physical and chemical factors of soil pH, organic matter, sand and silt content, average tree height, average diameter at breast height, average base di-ameter, and average crown (north and south × west and east) of mangrove plants. This further confirmed that the species diversity and distribution of macrofauna in wetlands of artificial mangroves were influenced by the species of mangrove plant.%对广东省汕头市莲阳河口区恢复背景相同的拉关木(Laguncularia racemosa)、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)、海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)3种人工林和光滩湿地中大型底栖动物群落进行比较研究。结果显示,4种生境中大型底栖动物优势种(Y>0.02)存在差异；相似性分析检验(One-Way ANOSIM)表明4种生境间大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著。等级聚类和非参数多变量标序也显示4种生境间的大型底栖动物群落结构差异显著。3种人工林中,无瓣海桑、海桑人工林中大型底栖动物群落结构较为相似；3种人工林中大型底栖动物物种多样性和生物量从大到小的排列次序为：拉关木>海桑>无瓣海桑。BIOENV分析表明大型底栖动物分布与林地土壤pH、有机质、砂粒和粉粒含量、红树植物平均株高、平均胸径、平均基径和冠幅(南北×东西)这些理化因子显著相关,这进一步证实了红树植物种类对林地大型底栖动物多样性和分布的影响。