背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对池塘底泥释放营养盐的净化效果

摘要

为了阐释鱼、蚌生态混养的可行性, 通过建立微型生态系统, 探索不同养殖密度和处理时间的背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对池塘底泥释放营养盐的净化效果.结果表明:背角无齿蚌对pH、DO和总固溶物的影响总体不明显, 但能够显著降低浊度和 Chl-a 含量(P<0.05), 最大去除率分别为79.2%和83.4%; 背角无齿蚌对营养盐的净化效果受到处理时间、养殖密度的显著影响(P<0.05); TN、NO3–-N和NO2–-N呈现升高的趋势, 而能够显著降低NH4+-N、TP和PO43–的含量(P<0.05), 最大去除率分别为90.9%、55.6%和52.9%.响应面优化分析显示蚌养殖密度和处理时间的配比分别为27个/m3和22.63 d、25个/m3和23.69 d时, 对TP和PO43–的去除率可进一步提升至68.9%和58.1%.本研究表明背角无齿蚌有潜力用于养殖池塘底泥富营养化的防控.%Microcosm experiments were conducted to determinate the purification capacity of freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana on nutrients released from pond sediment,and to study the effect of mussel systems by differ-ent density and treatment time. No significant effect was observed on pH, DO, and total solid solution. Significantly reduced levels were found on turbidity and Chl-a (P < 0.05), and the maximum removal efficiencies for them were 79.2% and 83.4%,respectively.The purifying effect of A.woodiana on nutrients was significantly affected by cul-ture density and treatment time (P < 0.05). The total nitrogen, NO3–-N, and NO2–-N showed increased levels. In contrast, the levels of NH4+-N, TP, and PO43– were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The maximum removal effi-ciencies for NH4+-N, TP, and PO43– were 90.9%, 55.6%, and 52.9% respectively. Furthermore, analysis of response optimization showed that the removal efficiencies for TP and PO43– could possibly be elevated to 68.9% and 58.1% respectively, if the mussel systems are assigned at density-time of 27 ind./m3-22.63 d and 25 ind./m3-23.69 d. The present study suggests that A. woodiana can be effectively utilized in a purification approach for sediment eutro-phication.