首页> 中文期刊>海洋通报 >基于RS和GIS的近30年来人类活动影响下莱州湾东南岸海岸湿地演变

基于RS和GIS的近30年来人类活动影响下莱州湾东南岸海岸湿地演变

     

摘要

Taking the six-phase MSS/TM remote sensing images since 1973 ns the main information sources, this paper extracts multi-temporal coastline, natural wetland and artificial wetland, analyzes dynamic changes of coastline and flat evolution rules on the basis of field investigation. The result shows that from 1973 to 1980, the coastline, from Hutouya to Jiaolai River, advanced to the sea annually, but it was steady basically after the completion of sea embankment in December, 1980. From Jiaolai River to Bailang River, the coastline also advanced seaward gradually and leaded to coastal deposition. Under the influence of human's activities, the character of coastal wetland evolution the southeastern in Laizhou bay through 30 years was natural wetland's first increase and then n decrease and maximizing in 1981. During the year 1973 to 1981, 1989 to 1995 and 2003 to 2008, the low tidal flat tended to change into middle tidal flat and then changed into high tidal flat, however, the tendency showed the opposite during the year 1995 to 2003. In the year 1981 to 1989, the high tidal flat and the low tidal flat tended to change into middle tidal flat.Artificial wetlands were mainly converted by the supralittoral zone swamp, salinate fields and the middle tidal flat of natural wetland. Therefore, the adjustment of human interference is the root way to improve the coastal wetland environment of southeastern Laizhou bay.%以1973年以来6个时相的MSS/TM遥感影像为主要信息源,在野外调查的基础上,通过目视解译提取莱州湾东南岸多时相海岸线及自然湿地、人工湿地等专题要素信息,并分析了各专题要素的演变规律,结果表明:虎头崖至胶莱河口段的海岸线在1973-1980年向海侵蚀,1980年12月修建防潮堤后基本不变.胶莱河口至白浪河口段海岸线在研究时间内总体上是逐年向海推进,海岸淤涨明显,滩涂围垦力度逐年增大.在人类活动影响下,最近30多年来莱州湾东南岸海岸湿地演化过程的特点为自然湿地总面积先增加后减少,于1981年达到最大值,1973-1981年、1989-1995年和2003-2008年均有低潮滩向中潮滩,中潮滩向高潮滩演化的趋势,而1995-2003年的转化趋势与之相反,1981-1989年呈现出高潮滩和低潮滩向中潮滩演化的趋势:人工湿地主要由自然湿地中的潮上带沼泽、盐碱地和中潮滩演化而来,因此合理调控人类干扰活动是改善莱州湾东南岸海岸湿地的根本途径.

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