海洋浮游植物的脂肪酸:组成、功能及其生态学意义

摘要

脂肪酸在海洋生物的各种生理和生态过程中发挥着重要作用.浮游植物是海洋中脂肪酸的主要生产者,并通过各种过程被各级海洋生物利用.本文综述了浮游植物不同类群中脂肪酸的组成特点,各种环境因素对浮游植物胞内脂肪酸含量和组成的影响,以及海洋微藻中脂肪酸对浮游植物细胞及海洋其他生物的作用及意义;并探讨了浮游植物的脂肪酸组成在浮游植物的营养价值,生理状态、种类组成和食物链传递中反映的环境与生态意义.%Fatty acids play important roles in physiological and ecological processes of marine ecosystems.Phytoplankton are the main producer of fatty acids in oceans, which are further transferred to other organisms of various trophic levels. In this paper, the composition of fatty acids in different groups of phytoplankton has been summarized, and the influences of environmental factors on the contents and composition of fatty acids in phytoplankton cells were reviewed. Fatty acids can be used as indicators of nutritional values, species composition and routes of energy transfer of phytoplankton, so that fatty acids are useful tools in the studies on marine ecosystems.