回顾了近年来海表粗糙度参数化研究成果,借助COARE算法对四种粗糙度参数化方案下海浪对海气界面通量及大气底层运动的影响进行分析,并对高海况条件下,区域海-气耦合模式对海表粗糙度参数化方案的敏感性进行了初步的探讨.研究表明:海表粗糙度受海面波浪状态的影响,在其参数化方案中考虑波龄的作用后,在高风速、低波龄区,波浪作用使海气界面上的动量和热量通量显著增加；波浪通过参与海气界面上的动力和热力作用影响低层大气运动,低波龄条件下,波浪作用使大气运动减弱,高波龄条件下,波浪作用较小；区域海-气耦合模式对海表粗糙度参数化方案较敏感,不同的参数化方案对台风路径影响不大,对台风强度影响显著,从个例来看,采用Smith92和Liu07方案的模拟结果更接近实测值.研究结果为更合理的参数化海气界面的物理过程,提高耦合模式的模拟准确率提供了一定的参考.%The interaction between two important kinds of geophysical fluids, air and sea, is a hot topic in geophysical study. Ocean waves are small-scale oceanic movements at air-sea interface, which take part in the exchange of heat, moisture, and momentum between air and sea and play an important role in the air-sea interaction. In this paper, the ocean wave effect was studied in COARE (V3.0) and the sensitivity of a regional air-sea coupled model to sea surface roughness parameterizations was discussed by numerical simulation tests. The results showed that ocean waves influenced the sea surface roughness. By considering the dependent relationship between sea surface roughness and wave age, the momentum and heat fluxes at air-sea interface significantly increased under the condition of high wind and small wave age. Ocean waves took part in both dynamical and thermal interaction between air and sea, which influenced the movement of lower atmosphere. The movement was weaken under small wave age condition, but had little sensitivity to ocean waves under big wave age condition. The regional air-sea coupled model was sensitive to sea surface roughness parameterizations. In the numerical simulation tests of typhoon processes, sea surface roughness parameterizations had little influence on typhoon tracks, but had remarkable influence on the typhoon intensities. The parameterizations of Smith (1992) and Liu (2007) had better results in these tests. The results in this paper could helpful to make more reasonable parameterizations of the physical process of air-sea interaction and improve the regional air-sea coupled models.
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