为什么提高能源效率没有减少能源消费——能源效率回弹效应研究评述

摘要

提高能源效率常被认为是实现降低能耗、节约能源和减少污染的有效途径。不同国家和地区能源效率差异较大．在倡导提高一国能源效率的同时，另一种新经济现象可能会产生——能源效率回弹效应。即能源效率提高节约的能源会被能源价格效应、收入效应和总经济效应等产生的新的能源需求抵消掉。在理论上关于能源效率回弹效应是否存在不同学者给出了各自的解释．实证检验中其大小也因研究主体、方法和时间段的选取不同而有差异。%The energy efficiency is acknowledged as an efficient way to reduce energy consumption, save energy and mitigate pollution. It varies from different countries and regions. When calling for improving the energy efficiency, countries usually neglect the new appearance which is named energy efficiency rebound effect. That means the expected beneficial impacts from energy efficiency increase are partially offset by the increased energy demand resulting from price effect, income effect and the economy-wide effect. Researchers give alternative explanations on the existence of rebound effect and the empirical studies are also in difference due to their samples, methods and the time series.