基于PLC控制的教学型回转式多工位加工工作台的设计

摘要

设计一套教学型回转式多工位加工系统，为机械类本科学生提供机械传动类、机械制造工艺类、机械制造装备类、PLC控制技术类、传感器技术类等相关实验实训项目，以解决目前相关课程实验条件不足的难题。它主要由多工位回转工作台、工作台控制装置、自动夹紧加工机构、粗/精铣床工位、钻床工位等部分组成，可以实现工作台旋转、X/Y向工件进给运动，钻、铣床Z向进给及主轴旋转及工件自动夹紧等功能；其控制系统以工业用PLC为控制核心，通过PLC编程控制步进电机动作实现工作台旋转、X/Y向和粗、精加工铣床、钻床Z向的运动；同时利用电磁阀控制气缸对工件的夹紧动作，以保证加工过程顺利进行。由于采用了加工工序集中的方式，回转式多工位工作台解决了目前加工过程中重复定位、装卸频繁、劳动强度大等缺点，实现了高精度、高效率、低成本等加工目标。%To solve the problem of lack of correlation experiment conditions exiting for a long time,an education type rotation multi-station working platform was designed to provide experiment and practice projects of mechanical transmission,machinery manu-facturing technology,machinery manufacturing equipment,PLC control technology,sensor technology and other related projects for me-chanical undergraduate students. It was mainly composed of multiple station rotary table,table control device,automatic clamping mechanism,rough milling/final milling,drilling station. The functions of the rotation of the platform,feeding in X/Y direction,drill, milling feeding in Z direction,rotation of the spindle and the workpiece automatic clamping were realized. The industrial PLC was used as the control core of its control system. PLC programming was used to control step motor to drive the rotary table,X/Y direction and rough milling/final milling machine,Z direction movement of drilling machine. Electromagnetic valve was used to control cylinder to clamp workpiece,then the smooth processing was ensured. Due to the adoption of the process focused approach,the usage of rotary working table has overcome the disadvantages such as repeated positioning,assemble and unassembled frequent,big labor intensity. The goals of high precision,high efficiency,low cost are achieved.