基于逐层钻孔法的闪光焊钢轨轨底残余应力分析

摘要

为研究闪光焊钢轨轨底残余应力在母材区及焊缝区的分布特性,首先阐述了中国钢轨轨底残余应力常用测试方法,分析了其局限性;然后采用逐层钻孔法对闪光焊新轨轨底残余应力进行现场测试,分析母材区轨底及焊缝区轨底残余应力分布特性及沿深度变化规律.结果表明:逐层钻孔法是研究钢轨残余应力的一种有效方法;轨底母材区残余应力主要为拉应力;轨底焊缝区残余应力主要为压应力,且其分布具有一定的随机性;轨底母材区及焊缝区的残余应力沿深度逐渐增大,然后趋于稳定.%In order to study the distribution characteristics of residual stress in the parent zone and weld zone of flash welded rail,it introduces the common domestic test methods for residual stress of rail and analyzes the limitations.Using the incremental hole drilling method,it carries the field test on the residual stress of flash welded rail base,analyzes the residual stress distribution and the variation of the depth along the bottom of the rail base in parent zone and weld zone.The results show that the incremental hole drilling method is an effective method to study the residual stress of rail;in parent zone,the residual stress at the rail base is mainly tensile stress;in weld zone,the residual stress at the rail base is mainly compressive stress;and to a certain extent,its distribution is random.The residual stress of the rail base such as parent zone and weld zone increases gradually along the depth,then stabilizes.