自然灾害下的公交疏散路线模型

摘要

The paper studies the emergency evacuation problem in event of natural disaster with emphasis on route design and time requirement. Using bus as the evacuation vehicle, it converts the route selection problem into a vehicle routing problem with time window (VRPTW) and formulates the corresponding model. Then, in a case study, it utilizes the VRP functionality of software TransCAD to draw an evacuation roadmap labeled with evaluation time and route and ascertains other pertain information, such as evacuation time required for each route, evacuee scale, and number of bus involved, after calculation.%自然灾害通常给社会带来巨大的危害,以自然灾害所引起的紧急情况作为研究背景,进行应急交通疏散预案研究.讨论自然灾害下的应急交通疏散问题并重点探讨疏散路线设计、疏散时间计算,用以达到在自然灾害发生前将人们转移至安全地点的目的.利用公交车作为疏散工具,将公交疏散路线问题归为带时间窗的车辆路径问题(VRPTW),建立基于VRPTW的公交疏散路线模型,以某地区为案例利用TransCAD软件中的车辆路径功能(VRP功能)设计疏散路线,得到标有疏散时间和疏散路线的地区图形,并最终计算得到每条路线的疏散时间、疏散人数、公交车数等信息.