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美国致密油开发现状及启示

     

摘要

美国页岩气勘探开发目前已进入快速发展阶段,同时也带动了页岩地层内致密油的开发。文中所指的致密油,是指以吸附或游离状态赋存于渗透率极低的暗色页岩、泥质粉砂岩和砂岩夹层系统中的自生自储、连续分布的石油聚集。目前,美国致密油的开发集中在Bakken,Eagle Ford和Barnett页岩区带内。其中Bakken致密油资源量为230×108t,可采资源量为5.9×108t,待发现资源量为3.7×108t油及相近数量的伴生气,2000年至今累计产油约2800×104t;Eagle Ford致密油赋存于区带北部,年产油约20×104t;Barnett待发现石油平均资源量为1400×104t,待发现致密油资源量为480×104t,其北区主要产油、南区主要产气,目前拥有8000余口生产井,截至2009年底,"致密油带"累计产油量达770×104t。我国广泛发育富有机质页岩,致密油的勘探潜力较大。%The exploration and development of shale gas in the U.S.is progressing fast,which also leads to the development of tight oil.Tight oil is the oil accumulating within the shale system,including black shale with very low permeability,argillaceous siltstone and interbeded sandstone.Tight oil can be free oil or absorbed oil.It is a continuous reservoir ofself-generation and self-storage.The development oftight oil in the U.S.mainlyperformed in Bakken,Eagle Ford,and the Barnett shale zone.Bakken shale has oil resource of 230×108 t and recoverable resource of 5.9×108 t.Bakken shale located within the U.S.has oil of 3.7×108 t and similar amount of associated gas.Its cumulative oil production since 2 000 is about 2.8×107 t.Eagle Ford shale produces oil in the northern part,annual oil production of about 2×105 t.Barnett shale has average undiscovered oil resource of 1.4×107 t,ofwhich undiscovered tight oil resource is 4.8×106 t.At present,Barnett shale has more than 8 000 producing wells,mainly produces oil in the northern part,gas in southern part.Up to the end of 2009,the cumulative oil production of "tight oil zone" has reached 7.7×106 t.China is a countryrich in black shale.It is expected that the exploration oftight oil will get breakthrough soon.

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