黔东苗语人称代词探源

摘要

This paper finds that basic singular and some plural personal pronouns in Hmu dialect of Hmong (Miao)are directly inherited from Proto-Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao)while dual and some plural forms are innovative.But there are differences in the innovative forms and the degree of the in-novation among varieties of Hmu.The paper also further analyzes the cause and the process of the new forms.It is the lack of the third plural personal pronoun in the Proto Hmong-Mien or Proto Hmong that causes the innovation of the third plural/dual personal pronoun.Then the innovation dif-fuses to the second and first plural personal pronouns through analogy.As a result,the inherited forms and the innovative ones coexist in the language.%文章发现苗语黔东方言人称代词的单数形式和一些复数形式都是直接继承自原始苗瑶语，有的继承自原始苗语，双数范畴和一些复数范畴形式是后来创新的，但是各小土语产生的形式和创新的程度和方式有差异。原始苗瑶语甚至原始黔东苗语缺少第三人称复数代词，这正好成了各语言、方言、土语甚至小土语创新的源动力，并由此类推，导致了第二和第一人称复数代词的创新，形成了固有形式和创新形式共存的状态。