首页> 中文期刊>兰州学刊 >中国古代官营手工业技术特点分析与思考——以清代苏州织造局为中心的考察

中国古代官营手工业技术特点分析与思考——以清代苏州织造局为中心的考察

     

摘要

苏州织造局是古代国家所有制的官营丝织手工业工场,清朝以来,规模不断扩大,机张数量持续增加,为丝织品的生产提供了物质保障条件.织造局的生产关系是一种封建性的强制劳役,技术效益依赖于劳动力的量和质,包括生产经验和技能.织造局专为皇室和朝廷官员服务,对劳动力进行着残酷的封建式人身限制和经济剥削.经过长年累月的积累,丝织技术缓慢发展,但只是依据原来的方式,对已经定型的传统的技术做不动根本的修改和增补.苏州织造局的生产与经营方式体现了中国古代手工业技术的劳动密集型特点.%The Suzhou Weaving Bureau was a government -run silk -weaving handicraft workshop that was owned by the ancient state.Since the Qing Dynasty,the scale of it had continued to expand and the number of machines had continued to increase,which provided material security for silk production. The production relationship of the weaving bureau was a feudalistic compulsory labor service.The technical benefits depended on the quantity and quality of the labor force,including production experience and skills.The Weaving Bureau served exclusively the royal family and imperial officials,and carried out cruel feudalistic personal restrictions and economic exploitation of the labor force.After years of accumulation, Silk-weaving technology developed slowly,However,it was only based on the original method to make no fundamental changes and additions to already established traditional technologies.The production and man-agement methods of Suzhou Weaving Bureau reflected the labor-intensive characteristics of ancient Chi-nese handicraft technology.

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