社会变量对语言变量制约的历时研究——以拉氏变异学派纽约市(r)音变量调查为例

摘要

This paper sets Labov ' s variation school ' s reserch of ( r) in New York City as an example , giving a diachronic analysis of social variation's constraint on linguistic variation .It found that besides social stratification and stylistic style have influence on linguis -tic variation, sociolinguists also add the social variation of age , gender and ethnicity , and their influence on linguistic variation from a new angle.This paper found that young people , female and Chinese speakers are more inclined to pronounce (r).These findings dem-onstrate that the change toward rhoticity in New York City English has accelerated and is no longer restricted to formal speech , and its register is gradually expanding .%本文以拉氏变异学派纽约市( r)音变量为例,用历时研究分析了社会变量对语言变量的制约,发现除了社会阶层和语体风格的社会变量对语言变量有影响外,社会语言学家还增加了年龄、性别、种族等社会变量,从新的角度阐释了社会变量对语言变量的制约. 本文发现年轻人、女性、华人更倾向于发( r)音,并且( r)音的变化趋势虽然增加较慢,但是呈增加趋势,( r)音也不仅仅局限于正式语体中,其使用语域正逐渐扩大.