医学院校大学生睡眠情况调查分析--以新疆医科大学为例

摘要

目的：了解医学院校大学生的睡眠情况及其影响因素，为改善大学生睡眠质量提供理论依据。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI）和自行设计的相关因素调查表，对新疆某医学院校896名大学生进行调查，对其一般情况、PSQI 总分进行分析，比较不同性别、民族、年级大学生睡眠质量各因子分及 PSQI 总分的差异。结果771名医学院校大学生中146人有睡眠质量问题（18．9％），其中女生111人，PSQI 评分最高分17分，最低分0分，总均分为（5．23±2．72）分；不同性别大学生 PSQI 总分得分差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）；女生入睡时间、催眠药物、日间功能障碍、睡眠障碍得分与男生不同，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）；不同民族大学生睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物和 PSQI 总分得分不全相同，差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）；不同年级大学生 PSQI 总分和各因子得分差异均无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）；影响大学生睡眠质量的影响因素为健康状况、生活节奏、休息被干扰、睡前饮食以及心情。结论医学院校大学生不同个体特征间睡眠质量问题发生情况不同，学校等相关部门应针对有关影响因素采取有效的干预措施，以提高大学生的睡眠质量。%Objective To understand college students sleep quality and influencing factors of medical colleges and provide theoretical basis for improving the sleep quality of the students.Methods The Pitts-burgh sleep quality index (PSQI)and homemade related factors questionnaire was used for 896 medical colleges in Xinjiang.The general situation and the total score of PSQI were analyzed to compare the sleep quality factors and total score of PSQI among students of different genders,nationalities,grades.Results 146 medical college students have poor sleep(18.9%),in which there were 111 girls.The maximum point of PSQI score was 17 and the minimum was 0.The average score was (5.23 ±2.72).The difference be-tween different gender'students in total scores of PSQI was not significant (P > 0.05);Girls′ score in sleep time,sleep disorders ,hypnotic drugs,sleep in the daytime dysfunction were different from boys′and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05);Different nationalities students have different scores of PSQI in sleep time,sleep efficiency,sleep disturbance,hypnotic drugs and the difference was statistical significant (P <0.05);The total scores of PSQI and each component scores in different grade students were not statistically significant (P >0.05);The influence factors on college students'sleep quali-ty were health,life rhythm,sleep environment,eating before bedtime and mood.Conclusion There were different sleep quality problems in different individuals in medical college students.The university and the other relevant departments should adopt effective interventions for improving college students′sleep quality.