何休的'三世'说探析

摘要

Scholars have been conducted thorough study on He Xiu's Three-Phrased Theory or his historical philosophy.They also have a heated discussion on whether Three-Phrased theory belongs to the evaluation theory or not.He Xiu's evolution of Three-Phrases cannot be equal with Europe's linear time-consciousness-based evolutionary theory, nor is it a statement of historical fact.On the contrary, it is just a method with which Gong Yang's scholars advocate the idea of peace and their social and political ideals.Therefore, the evolution of Three-Phrases can be regarded as the development of its historical progress morally.Another concept of He Xiu's view of history is"Restoration", which seems to conflict with evolution.In fact, the"restoration"in Confucius school is not an objective concept of time, but a projection of Confucius'moral ideals, by which Confucians speak highly of the ancient, criticize the present, and open up the future.Hence, the Three-Phrased Theory together with the Restoration Theory, are the main content of He Xiu's conception of history, and, are unified inside, and clearly shows the basic character of practical philosophy reflected in He Xiu's study on Gongyang's learning.%何休的"三世"说是其"三科九旨"的重要内容.董仲舒的"三世异辞"还不能说具有进步的或进化的观念, 而何休的"三世"说则有着进步的观念.这种进步的观念不同于欧洲基于线性时间意识的进化论, 也不是陈述实然的历史事实, 而是"张法太平", 是公羊学家应然的王道理想的演进的逻辑;何休历史观的另一个观念是"复古", 复古与进化看似冲突, 实则孔孟以降之"古"就不是一个客观的时间概念, 而是一个投射了自己的道德理想的价值范畴, 儒者据以"是古非今", 即以此为圭臬来批判现实, 开辟未来;"三世"说进一步明确了所"复"的王道理想的实现阶次, 两者并不冲突.