为了揭示超振荡透镜(SOL)亚波长聚焦本质和高分辨率成像机理,阐述了超振荡透镜的三维全矢量电磁分析方法,包括矢量电磁聚焦和矢量电磁成像两个连续物理过程.采用矢量角谱理论,计算预测超振荡透镜后多衍射光束精细干涉形成的矢量光场分布,利用等价磁偶极子矢量成像理论,定量计算探测面内像场分布.研究结果表明:三维时域有限差分法建模的严格求解结果与矢量角谱结果基本吻合;高倍、大数值孔径显微成像系统具有选择性偏振滤波成像机理,特别是可对纵向偏振分量进行抑制.该研究为超振荡透镜应用于纳米光刻、超分辨显微技术、粒子操控等领域提供了理论基础.%A three-dimensional complete vectorial electromagnetic analysis is conducted to demonstrate the subwavelength focusing and high-resolution imaging mechanisms of superoscillatory lens (SOL),which includes two successive physical processes,electromagnetic focusing and electromagnetic imaging.The vectorial field distribution formed by delicate interference of multi-diffraction beams from SOL is theoretically predicted and then validated by a rigorous result calculated by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method.The equivalent magnetic-dipole vectorial imaging theory is applied to quantitatively evaluate the imaging field in the detection plane,and the polarization filtering transmission mechanism of a high-numerical-aperture microscopic imaging system with high magnification is revealed.This approach provides a theoretical basis for applying SOL to these fields such as nanolithography,super-resolution microscopy and particle manipulation.
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