政府与市场：理论演进、美国改进、中国改革

摘要

如何界定市场与政府的关系一直是经济学说史上争论不休的核心话题，也是20世纪30年代以来很多国家经济发展过程难以回避的重大问题。通过对政府与市场关系的理论演进与理论体系的梳理，分析了20世纪30年代中期开始的美国调节政府与市场关系的改进历程；研究了20世纪70年代末期开始的中国社会主义市场经济体制建设中政府与市场关系的改革进程；阐释了作者对政府与市场关系的观点。认为，市场经济发展的普遍规律在不同国家的不同发展阶段必然表现出各自的特殊性。合适的就是最好的，检验一国政府与市场的关系是否合适的标准是，综合国力是否不断提高，人民生活是否不断改善，经济、政治、社会、文化、生态是否可持续发展。%How to define the relationship between the government and the market is not only a hot issue in the history of economic theory but also a significant problem which cannot be avoided in the process of economic development in many countries since 1930s.By reviewing the evolution of the theory of the relationship between the government and the mar-ket,on the basis of the research of the history of the reform of the adjustment of the relationship of the government and the market made in America since the middle of 1930s,and through the research of the steps taken in the construction of the China′s socialist market economic system since the end of 1970s,the author interprets his viewpoints of the relation-ship between the market and the government.That is the economic development in different phases in different countries features diversified characteristics.The only standard to examine the relationship of the government and the market is the enhancement of the comprehensive national strength,the improvement of people′s life and the sustained development of economy,politics,social culture and the ecological system.