政治哲学视野下儒家之“孝”的结构分析--以亚里士多德“好公民”与“好人”理论为线索

摘要

“孝”价值在儒家文化中具有举足轻重的地位，儒家之“孝”复杂精微、气象万千，大体包含辩证、层级、程序、主体和客体等物质结构，同时循着亚里士多德“好公民”与“好人”理论的思想线索，还可以勘定“孝”的内在精神结构。通过批判性地省察“孝子”，也就是儒家意义上的好儿子的文化政治身位可以发现，从总体上说，好儿子往往不会是一个好父亲，但却会成为一个好公民并进而成为一个好人。在现代性语境下，无论坚持“祛魅”还是“复魅”立场，对“孝”的整全结构的把握都是其基础和必要的工作。%"Filial piety"plays an important role in Confucian culture,which is complicated and delicate,including the material structures of dialectics,rating,procedure,subject and object in general.Meanwhile,we can explore the internally spiritual structure guided by Aristotle′s theories of "good citizen"and "good man".It could be found that,by critically examining the cultural and political status of "xiaozi"who is good son in the sense of Confucianism,a good son may not to be a good father,but to be a good citizen and then a good man to a certain degree.In the context of modernity,it is the basic and necessary task to understand the holistic structure of "filial piety",no matter what one′s position is "disen-chantment"or "enchantment".