狄尔泰诠释学的体验概念探析

摘要

The concept of experience in Wilhelm Dilthey’s hermeneutics is closely linked to the concept of life. Experience is the way of life existence, and in turn, also determines life. The concept of experience is firstly an ontological category, with meaning as its essence and ground for definition. It has many properties, such as interrelatedness, immediacy and no distinction between subject and object. Therefore, it is the most qualified to be the real object and primary entrance of spiritual science. Wilhelm Dilthey’s proposition of the concept of experience obviously reflects his epistemological motive and methodological intention, so it is a complex of the properties of ontology, epistemology and methodology. As it clearly embodies the psychological tendency and individuality of the previous hermeneutics, the tension between truth and method in contemporary Western hermeneutics has already existed, which foreshadows Wilhelm Dilthey’s further proposition of the concept of understanding and re-experience.%狄尔泰诠释学的体验概念和生命概念紧紧联系在一起，体验是生命的存在方式，反过来又在规定着生命。体验概念首先是一个存在论的范畴，意义是它的实质和界定根据。体验具有关联性、直接当下性和主客不分性等诸多特性。正因为如此，体验最有资格成为精神科学研究的真正对象和首要入口。狄尔泰提出体验概念又具有明显的认识论动机和方法论意图，所以体验概念是一个集存在论、认识论和方法论性质于一身的范畴。由于体验概念明显地凝聚了以往诠释学的心理学倾向和个体性色彩，当代西方诠释学真理与方法的紧张关系在这里已经存在，而正是这种紧张关系为狄尔泰进一步提出与体验紧密相关的理解和再体验概念埋下了伏笔。