大气污染物及气象因子与儿童呼吸道感染的相关性调查

摘要

Objective: To assess the relationship among the concentrations of different air pollutants and meteorological factors in Wenzhou city and respiratory tract infection in children. Methods: The study was con-ducted in Wenzhou city, by recording the live air quality data and meteorological factors from January 2015 to December 2015, and collecting the clinic visiting data from the pediatric outpatient and emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The relationship between air pollutants concentrations and meteorological factors and the clinic visit volume caused by respiratory infection were analyzed by Pearson correlation statistics and multivariant linear stepwise regression model. Re-sults: The average concentrations of NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 were higher than the national standards of the second level of annual average concentration. The rates of exceed standard of NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration were 16%, 29% and 6% respectively. Their levels were highest in winter. The numbers of days of exceeding standard were more than half a year. Regression analysis revealed that 10 μg/m3 increase of NO2 might result in 2.9%, 9.1%, 2.5% increase of clinic visits due to bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. And a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10 was associated with 2.9% increase of clinic visits caused by upper respiratory tract infection and 1.8% increase of clinic visit volume caused by bronchitis and 2.5% increase of clinic visits due to pneumonia. An increase of 1 ℃of the daily minimum temperature might result in 1.8%, 2.8%, and 3.3% decrease of clinic visits due to bronchi-tis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Conclusion: In year 2015, the average concentrations of NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 stayed in high level. NO2, PM2.5, PM10 are major air pollutants in Wenzhou city. The increase in level of NO2, PM10 and the decrease of the daily minimum temperature are correlated with the increase of number of respira-tory tract infection in children.%目的:调查温州市区2015年大气污染物浓度及气象因子与儿童呼吸道感染的相关性.方法:2015年1月1日至12月31日,实时记录温州市区空气质量检测数据,记录气象因子数据,收集温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院儿童呼吸道感染门、急诊就诊数据,通过Pearson相关分析、多元线性逐步回归分析法分析大气污染物及气象因子与儿童呼吸道感染的关系.结果:二氧化氮(NO2)、可吸入颗粒(PM2.5、PM10)的日平均浓度值均超过国家规定年平均二级浓度限值,超标率分别为16%、29%和6%,三者最大值均出现在冬季,一年超过50%的天数里3种污染物日平均浓度超标.多元线性回归结果显示,NO2浓度每上升10μg/m3,支气管炎日门急诊人次增加2.9%,毛细支气管炎日门急诊人次增加9.1%,肺炎日门急诊人次增加2.5%;PM10浓度每上升10μg/m3,上呼吸道感染日门急诊人次增加2.9%,支气管炎日门急诊人次增加1.8%,肺炎日门急诊人次增加2.5%.日最低温度每上升1℃,支气管炎日门急诊人次减少1.8%,毛细支气管炎日门急诊人次减少2.8%,肺炎日门急诊人次减少3.3%,温度变化与下呼吸道感染日门急诊人数关系密切.结论:2015年温州市区空气NO2、PM2.5、PM10浓度有50%以上的天数处于超标状态,三者为温州市区主要大气污染物.NO2、PM10浓度升高和日最低温度降低可能造成儿童呼吸道感染人数增加.