嵇康之养生论美学批判

摘要

嵇康之养生论美学是魏晋玄学的独特表现形式.美是绝对自由作为存在方式的感性显现,嵇康对自由作为本真存在的界定受到中国传统实在论(天道观)的影响.嵇康的养生论美学包括四个方面,其一,天道自然与本真存在之决定,天道是自由作为本真存在的实在论基础,对天道之分有也是实现审美还原的内在依据.其二,纵情失度与人生在世之解构,以过当之人欲为表征的对象性存在是人的实存境域,也是审美还原的现实依据.其三,导养以理与审美还原之进路,导养以理的本质内容是激活本有皆有之本真人性以收敛现实人心并最终实现存在方式向本真存在的还原.其四,任心通物与终极境界之呈现,任心通物既是天道作为终极实在的内在规定,也是美作为终极存在的感性显现.最后,自我分别与养生论美学之囿.本质来说,天道是自我意识的主观建构,天道之虚妄性决定了嵇康美学存在着自身无法克服的问题,并直接决定着养生论美学在本真论、在世论、还原论和境界论诸维度的真实性和可靠性.%Ji Kang's aesthetics about regimen is the unique manifestation of metaphysics in Wei-Jin Dynasties.Beauty is the per-ceptual manifestation of absolute freedom as the authentic way of human existence.Ji Kang' definition of freedom as the authentic way of human existence is affected by Chinese traditional realism (outlook on way of heaven).Ji Kang's aesthetics about regimen includes four aspects.First,the nature existing in the way of heaven defines the authentic way of existence.The way of heaven is the realism foundation of freedom as the authentic existence,and the realization of aesthetic reduction is internally based on sharing the way of heaven.Second, excessive indulgence deconstructs the meaning of life.The objective way of existence characterized by the excessive human desires gives practical reasons about conducting aesthetic reduction.Third,regimen following the way of heaven is an approach to aesthetic reduction. In fact,regimen following the way of heaven aims to activate the human nature in itself,restrict the over-inflation of human desires,and finally realize the authentic way of existence.Fourth,letting the heart in the absolute freedom and opening into everything will present the ultimate state of mind.It is the internal definition of the way of heaven,and also the perceptual manifestation of beauty in the sense of ul-timate reality.At last,the sense of self puts a limit on Ji Kang's aesthetics about regimen.In essence,the way of heaven is the subjective construction of self-consciousness,so the nullity of the way of heaven determines that Ji Kang's aesthetics has a drawback in theory,and also directly determines the authenticity and reliability of aesthetics about regimen at the following theoretical dimensions: realism,exis-tentialism,reductionism and state of mind.