海南陵水企鹅珍珠贝肠道及其养殖水体中异养细菌耐药性研究

摘要

A total of 514 strains of heterotrophic bacteria (including 281 strains isolated from farming water and 233 strains isolated from intestines of the Pearl oyster) were tested for their resistances to 10 antibiotics by Kirby-bauer diffusion method. Results showed that the resistant rates to chloramphenicol, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were all low (below 20%), with the resistant rate to chloramphenicol being the lowest. Many strains resisted furazolidone, penicillin G and rifampin;the resistant rates were all more than 45%. Results also showed that 202 strains from intestines were resistant to more than four antibiotics. These results indicated that heterotrophic bacteria from the Pearl oyster resisted antibiotics seriously and that the multidrug resistant rate was very high. Several strains, which were isolated from both farming water and intestines, even resisted more than nine antibiotics. In addition, the peaks of resistant rates of strains from the farming water were overlapped in March and September. The trends of resistant rates of strains from the farming water and intestines were similar, but the latter was lagged for about two months and was smaller than the former.%采用纸片扩散法(Kirby-bauer 扩散法)对分离自企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)养殖水体及其肠道的514株异养细菌(其中水体菌281株，肠道菌233株)进行了耐药性研究。结果显示，菌株对氯霉素耐药率最低，其次是诺氟沙星和环丙沙星，耐药率均小于20%，而对呋喃唑酮、青霉素G、利福平的耐药性则较强，耐药率均在45％以上，其中对4种或以上的抗生素产生耐药性的多重耐药菌株共202株。结果表明，珍珠贝肠道及其养殖水体中菌株耐药状况严重，多重耐药率较高，水体和肠道细菌中均存在对9种以上抗生素具有抗性的菌株。研究显示，珍珠贝养殖水体中的异养菌对多种抗生素的耐药率峰值均重叠于3月和9月；肠道细菌耐药率波动曲线与水体细菌耐药率变化相似，仅在时间上向后推移约2个月，均呈现规律性变化，但肠道细菌的多重耐药率较水体细菌低。