间充质干细胞成骨分化过程中骨形态发生蛋白的作用研究

摘要

骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic proteins,BMPs)是转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor β,TGF-β)超家族的成员,在胚胎发育和器官形成方面具有多种功能,尤其在骨发育和骨形成中起着至关重要作用.研究者通过多种基因敲除模型证明BMP信号通路中断会导致骨及骨外组织发育的异常,并阐明了与此相关的机制.BMP信号通路不但自身具有较复杂的调控机制,而且与其他信号通路相互联系、相互影响,从而组成了一个更复杂而精细的调控网络,共同参与成骨细胞分化及骨形成的调节.其中,BMP-2、BMP-6、BMP-7以及BMP-9等均可在体内和体外促进间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)向成骨细胞分化.这种显著的成骨效应使得BMP在治疗骨缺损及骨发育异常方面具有光明的前景.%Bone morphogenetic proteins are members of the transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)super-family and have diverse functions in embryogenesis and organogenesis development,especially playing a major role in skeletal development and bone formation.Several knockout models have proved that disruptions in BMP signaling can cause a variety of skeletal and extraskeletal anomalies and have provided insight into the mechanisms responsible for these phenotypes.BMP signaling pathway not only has its own complex regulatory mechanism,but also interacts with other signaling pathways,thus forming a more complex and precise regulatory network,which is involved in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.Multiple BMPs,including BMP2,BMP6, BMP7 and BMP9,promote osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo.This remarkable osteogenesis effect makes the BMP have bright prospects in the treatment of bone defect and bone dysplasia.