高速列车减振器结构参数对性能的影响分析

摘要

减振器内部流道尺寸、节流阀的开启时刻、开阀速度和最大开度等参数是影响减振器性能的关键。为了研究相关参数对减振器阻尼特性的影响规律，以高速列车某型二系垂向减振器为研究对象，利用外部台架试验测量和内部流场三维动态仿真计算相结合的方法获得了不同参数下阻尼力的变化曲线，得到了常通孔尺寸、节流阀开阀时刻、开阀速度和最大开度对阻尼特性曲线的影响规律。在此基础上计算分析了减振器在不同运动速度下的外特性，获得了减振器运动速度与节流阀开启情况的关系，可为高速列车减振器的结构设计提供参考。%Damper’s performance mainly depends on the factors including inner passageway’s size, throttle’s opening time, moving speed and maximum shift etc. In order to know how these factors influence it, an analysis model was established based on a second-vertical damper of the high-speed train. The variation curves of damping force were obtained during the calculation process by altering damper’s structure parameters, through combining the bench test and 3D dynamic simulation of damper’s inner flow field .Therefore, it became clear how these factors, including normal hole’s size, throttle’s movement speed and maximum shift, influenced the damping characteristic curves. On this basis, a further study on damper’s external characteristic under different cosine velocities was done. The relationship between piston’s movement and throttle’s opening condition then was acquired. The conclusions acquired may provide a useful reference for the structure design of high-speed train damper.