康德哲学的定位：批判哲学、先验哲学和科学形而上学

摘要

Critical philosophy,transcendental philosophy and scientific philosophy are three different parts of Kant’s philosophy,which are usually confused by recent commentaries.This paper will use Hegel’s position to prove that critical philosophy led to transcendental philosophy,which should be used only as a tool for transcendental philosophy. Transcendental philosophy is composed of transcendental cognitive philosophy and transcendental practical philosophy;and scientific philosophy is composed of transcendental philosophy and empirical matter,which are metaphysics of natural science and metaphysics of morals.Kant’s philosophy is composed of the three interrelated but different.%人们容易将康德的批判哲学、先验哲学和科学形而上学混为一谈，实际上在康德那里，这是三个不同的方面。文章将借助黑格尔的视角试图证明：批判哲学作为扫清先验哲学的预先准备，它通向纯粹形式性的先验哲学；先验哲学则是对于先验认知逻辑学和先验实践逻辑学的研究；而纯粹形式性的先验哲学结合特定质料则又构成了科学形而上学(即自然科学形而上学、道德形而上学)。康德整个哲学的架构乃是由这样相互联系又严格区分的批判哲学、先验哲学和科学形而上学所构成的三重“复调”。