本体感觉的不同成分在慢速和快速运动控制中的作用

摘要

Sensory feedback is vitally important in slow movements,but its role in rapid movements has not come to an agreement.As an important source of sensory information,proprioception contains a wide variety of components,and it has been assumed to provide an important contribution to motor control.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the different functions of different substances of proprioception acuity about elbow and wrist on slow and rapid arm move-ments.22 college students(11 male,11 females)were recruited.Sense of position and force on elbow and wrist were measured by joint position reproduction and weight discrimination capability test respectively,and all subjects performed throwing tasks under two different speeds.The results showed that position sense on elbow were sharper than that on wrist,position sense of these two joints on coronal plane were greater than that on vertical plane.There was no signifi-cant difference between different joints or different planes of force sense.Position sense of elbow and wrist were significantly correlated with accuracy and stabili-ty of slow arm movement,while position sense was only significantly correlated with accuracy of rapid arm movement.In slow movement,self-evaluation accu-racy was significantly correlated with position sense,but not with force sense;in rapid movement,self-evaluation accuracy was not correlated with neither posi-tion nor force sense.In summary,position sense of elbow and wrist are different between different motion planes.Proprioception plays an important role in slow movement,which is controlled by close-loop.Proprioception plays a partial role in rapid movement,which is controlled by motor program.%感觉信息在慢速运动中起到重要的作用,但其在快速运动中重要性的观点尚未一致.作为重要信息来源之一,本体感觉包含多种成分,在运动技能控制中起复杂的作用.研究旨在了解肘、腕关节不同成分本体感觉敏锐性在手臂慢速和快速运动控制中的不同作用.选取22名大学生(男女各11名),采用关节角度重建法和重量辨别法测量肘、腕关节的位置觉和力量觉,并考察他们在2种不同速度下的投掷任务的表现.结果表明:肘关节的位置觉较腕关节敏感,2个关节在冠状面上的位置觉比矢状面更敏感;不同关节和不同运动平面上的力量觉差异不显著.腕、肘关节的位置觉均与手臂慢速运动的准确性和稳定性有显著的相关,在快速手臂运动中,位置觉只与动作准确性有显著相关.在慢速运动中,自评准确性与位置觉显著相关,与力量觉相关不显著;在快速运动中,自评准确性与位置觉和力量觉敏锐度的相关均不显著.结论:腕、肘关节在不同运动平面上的位置觉敏锐度存在差异.在受闭合环路控制的慢速运动中,本体感觉起更多的作用;在受运动程序控制的快速运动中,本体感觉也起部分作用.