HPLC 指纹图谱技术在景迈茶区晒青毛茶鉴别中的应用研究

摘要

Using 80 spring sun-dried tea samples from Jingmai and Mangjing and different years as materials, standard chromatograms of Jingmai and Mangjing spring tea were constructed by HPLC fingerprint. There were 22 and 24 characteristic peaks in Jingmai and Mangjing standard chromatograms respectively, with 18 shared peaks. Jingmai and Mangjing spring sun-dried tea showed large differences in EGCG and ECG contents. Because of the uncertainty in pu-erh tea storage and the high similarity between Jingmai and Mangjing spring sun-dried tea, there might be some errors in cluster analysis of different years. For example, one of 20 tea samples can not be clustered successfully. Cluster analysis could successfully distinguish spring sun-dried teas from Jingmai area (including Jingmai spring tea and Mangjing spring tea) from other areas. Similarity analysis showed that the similarities between the standard chromatogram and tea samples from Jingmai and Mangjing were 98.9% and 99.2%, which were lower than 95% for tea samples from other areas. In conclusion, HPLC fingerprint was able to identify the sun-dried tea production areas in Jingmai of the same year, which provided a more scientific and complete method for the identification of sun-dried tea from different areas.%以80个不同年份的景迈、芒景春季晒青毛茶为材料，通过 HPLC 指纹图谱技术分别构建了景迈与芒景春季晒青毛茶的标准色谱图。在景迈春茶标准色谱图中有22个特征峰，芒景春茶标准色谱图中有24个特征峰，有18个共有峰，其中景迈春茶与芒景春茶仅在表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）与表儿茶素没食子酸酯（ECG）含量上存在一定差异。在景迈春茶、芒景春茶的聚类分析中，由于普洱茶陈化的不确定性和两地晒青毛茶的相似性，在不同年份晒青毛茶聚类分析中存在一定误差，在20个茶样中有1 个茶样未被成功聚类。在景迈茶区与其他茶区晒青毛茶聚类分析中，能将景迈茶区春茶（包括景迈春茶与芒景春茶）成功聚类，并与其他茶区区别开来。通过相似度分析，景迈、芒景茶样与标准色谱相似度较高，分别为98.9%和99.2%，其他茶区春季晒青毛茶与标准色谱相似度较差，在95%以下。由此可知，HPLC 指纹图谱技术可用于景迈茶区相同年份相同季节晒青毛茶的鉴别，为普洱茶不同茶区晒青毛茶的鉴别提供了较为科学的方法。