茶树害虫性信息素研究与应用进展

摘要

Tea is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. However, long-term dependence on chemical pesticide to control diseases and pests caused pesticide residue problem which seriously affects human health. In the meanwhile, pesticide abuse also creates pest resistance and environment pollution. As one of most important discovery in chemical ecology in 1960’s, sex pheromone has attracted scientists for its high efficiency, pro-environment, specificity characteristics. In the past studies, the sex pheromone of several tea pests had been identified and applied, For instance, the application of small tea tortrix sex pheromone has become a paragon. In this paper, we review and discuss the research advance about the identification of tea pest sex pheromone, functions of minor components, chirality, polymorphism, resistance, synthesis pathway, regulatory mechanism and other ecological functions of sex pheromone.%茶是目前世界上消费量最大的饮料作物之一。然而，由于茶园长期依赖化学农药进行病虫害防治，使得茶叶农药残留问题对消费者的健康安全造成了隐患，同时化学农药的使用还带来了害虫抗药性、环境污染等负面影响。昆虫性信息素作为上世纪60年代化学生态学的重要发现，因其具有高效、环保、专一性强等优点，受到各国科学家的肯定，被认为是“生物合理农药”。在过去的研究中，茶园许多昆虫的性信息素被相继鉴定和应用，如茶小卷叶蛾的性信息素防治已经成为昆虫性信息素应用的典范。本文将从茶树昆虫性信息素的化学结构鉴定、性信息素微量成分的作用、性信息素手性异构、性信息素多态性、性信息素抗性、性信息素生物合成路径及调控机制，以及性信息素的其他生态学功能等方面综述近年来的研究与应用进展。