山茶属油茶组、短柱茶组和红山茶组植物叶的红外光谱分析及其分类学意义

摘要

利用傅立叶红外光谱仪和OMNI采样器直接、迅速、准确地测定山茶属Camellia4组63种2变种植物叶片的红外光谱,结果表明:各分类群(种)的红外光谱具有高度特异性,其红外光谱图的变化可以作为山茶属植物属下的分类依据之一.这也暗示了利用标准红外光谱图库,可以区分和鉴定出山茶属植物的种类.经主成分分析后的红外光谱数据构建的树型聚类图与先前的形态分类结果大体一致,能将油茶组sect.Oleifera和短柱茶组sect.Paracamellia植物明显区分,并且各组中亲缘关系较近的种聚在一起.因此支持它们作为两个独立的组处理.但是,红山茶组sect.Camellia内的滇山茶亚组subsect.Lucidissima和光果红山茶亚组subsect.Reticulata植物在聚类图上很难区分,建议将这两个亚组植物进行归并.最后讨论了张宏达和闵天禄系统中存在分歧的油茶组、短柱茶组和红山茶组内的种间分类关系.%Sixty-five leaf samples in sect.Oleifera H.T.Chang,sect.Paracamellia Sealy.sect.Camellia,and sect.Thea(L.)Dyer of genus Camellia L.were discriminated directly with an OMNI-sampler accessory on the basis of biochemical profles and a hierarchical dendrogram was finally constructed.The results showed that the infrared spectra of Camellia were fingerprint-like patterns which were highly typical for different taxa.The hierarchical dendrogram based on principal component analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) data confirmed most of morphological classifications of the four sections proposed in previous works.Infrared spectra of leavesare of taxonomic value in genus Camellia,and this technique can be widely used for identification and classification of other taxa when standard spectra are available.The relationships between sect.Oleifera and sect.Paracamellia,subsect.Lucidissima H.T.Chang and subsect.Reticulata H.T.Chang in sect.Camellia,and the species/varieties were also discussed,as many dissensions about the classification exist between Chang's and Ming'ssystem.