对等互报是墨子兼爱伦理思想的价值准则与动力机制。首先,墨子对当时所处社会的现实矛盾与冲突作了两个层次的区分：社会失序属于政治学范畴,道德沦丧属于伦理学领域,而它们都与恶性循环的回报方式密切相关。其次,在得出社会失序根源的认识基础之上,通过＂兼以易别＂,墨子将对等互报这一社会原本存在的人际交往方式纳入到兼爱伦理思想之中,并对其做了道德价值的改造与提升,不过这只是理论上的准备。最后,由于兼爱伦理的实践品格,要求墨子必须阐明兼爱原则在对等互报运行机制下,如何解决实然与应然怎样统一的实践难题,为此,墨子赋予了兼爱伦理以功利、他律、公义和普遍性多重特征。重温墨子的这些思想,对认识在中国特色社会主义市场经济体制背景下,如何建起客观、平等、公正和现代社会关系,具有极强的现实意义。%Mutual Obligation and Reward is the value criterion and dynamic mechanism of universal love of Mohist ethics. First of all, Mo-tse distinguished the realistic social contradictions and conflicts into two levels： a social disorder, belonging to the category of political science, and immorality, belonging to the field of ethics, and they are closely related with the return of vicious spiral. Secondly, based on. the causes of social disorder, through Universal and Undifferentiated Ethics, Mo-tse brought mutual obligation and return - the originally existed interpersonal communication into universal ethical system and innovated and improved its moral values. But it was just a theoretic preparation. Finally, the character of practice in universal ethics, Mo-tse must clarify the universal principles under the mutual obligation and return mechanism, how to solve the problem of uniting to be and ought to be. Thus Mo-tse gave the universal love ethics multiple features of utilitarianism, heteronomy, righteousness and universality. A review of Mo-tse＇s thoughts on the understanding of these, in the system of Chinese characteristic socialist market economy, has a strong practical significance of how to build an objective, equal, justand modern social relations.
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