经后路内固定植骨融合治疗游离齿突小骨伴寰枢椎脱位

摘要

Objecfive To summarize the techniques and evaluate the therapeutic effect of posterior fixation and fusion in the treatment of Os odontoideum complicated by atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods From March, 2007 to October, 2010,10 patients with Os odontoideum (including 6 male and 4 female patients aged from 20 to 65 years, mean 39.8 years) were treated in our hospital. Before and after the operation, the patients underwent X ray, CT and MRI examinations to measure and evaluate the degree of dislocation and neural compression. After preoperative traction for 1-2 weeks, all the 10 patients showed reductible atlantoaxial dislocation. Through a posterior approach, Atlantoaxial pedicle screws fixation were performed in 9 cases, and C2/ 3 pedicle-Occiput screw fixation was performed in 1 case. All the patients wore cervical collars as external support for 3 months after the operation. Results The mean operative time was 3 h in these patients with a mean intraoperative blood loss of 420 ml. The symptoms were relieved after the surgery in all the patients, who showed no neck pain or neurological defects. The patients were followed up for 6 to 52 months (mean 22 months), and bony fusion was observed in all the 10 cases within 6 to 8 months without such complications as internal fixation failure or redislocation of the atlas. Conclusion Patients with Os odontoideum complicated by atlantoaxial dislocation should undergo surgical stabilization to avoid severe neurological injury. Pedicle screw instrument in the atlas allows restoration of the spinal stability, short-segment fusion, and maximal preservation of the mobility of the neck.%目的 探讨后路复位内固定治疗游离齿突小骨伴寰枢椎脱位的方法及疗效.方法 2007年3月～2010年10月,收治10例游离齿突小骨伴寰枢椎脱位患者,男6例,女4例；年龄20～65岁,平均39.8岁,术前摄颈椎正侧位X片,CT及MRI检查,评价脱位及脊髓受压程度.术前经1～2周牵引,10例患者均属可复性脱位,10例患者均采用颈椎后入路,其中C1侧块、寰枢椎弓根螺钉固定9例,枕骨髁钉C2～C3椎弓根螺钉内固定1例,术后颈托固定3个月.结果 手术时间2～3.5 h,平均3 h；术中出血量250～660ml,平均420ml,术后颈痛和神经损害表现均消失,10例患者均获随访6～52个月,平均22个月,患者均在6～8个月达到寰枢椎及寰枕骨融合,至末次随访,未发现螺钉松动、断钉和寰枢椎再移位现象.结论 齿状突游离小骨是齿状突畸形最常见的类型,合并寰枢椎脱位后可致严重的脊髓损伤,采用后路内固定手术,能够重建寰枢椎的稳定性,实现即刻稳定,术后能最大限度保留患者头颈部活动度,临床效果满意.