超声引导经皮微波消融治疗小肾癌的长期疗效观察

摘要

目的：评估微波消融治疗小肾癌的长期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析了从2006年4月~2015年10月，我科收治的140例小肾癌患者151个病灶（平均直径2.8±0.8 cm）经超声引导经皮水冷微波消融治疗。小于2 cm的肿瘤使用一根微波消融针，大于或等于2 cm的肿瘤使用2根微波消融针。术后1，3，6月及之后每6个月行超声造影和CT/MRI检查进行随访。并通过时序检验统计分析评估短期及长期效果（总生存率、无病生存率和局部进展率）。结果技术有效率（微波消融后1月增强影像显示完全消融）达到100%（151/151）。1、3、5年局部进展率分别为0.9%、2.0%、7.1%，1、3、5年远处转移率分别为1.6%、2.5%、7.9%。1、3、5年总生存率分别为98.4%、94.8%、89.5%，1、3、5年无病生存率分别为98.4%、93.0%，83.1%。多因素分析结果提示肿瘤数量（P=0.015）和肿瘤生长模式（P=0.049）是影响患者术后长期疗效的独立的危险因素。结论该大样本长期随访临床研究结果表明，微波消融治疗肾细胞癌是一种微创、安全、有效的治疗方法。%Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of microwave ablation in the treatment of small renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 140 cases of small cell renal carcinoma (151 lesions with a mean diameter of 2.8± 0.8 cm) treated between April, 2006 and October, 2015 with ultrasound-guided microwave ablation with cooled-shaft needle antenna. One microwave ablation antenna was used for tumors less than 2 cm in diameter and 2 antennas were used for larger tumors. The patients received enhanced ultrasound and CT/MRI examinations at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation and every 6 months thereafter. The overall survival, disease-free survival, and local tumor progression rate of the patients were evaluated. Results The response rate of treatment (complete ablation at one month on enhanced images) was 100% in these patients. The local tumor progression rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.9%, 2.0%, and 7.1%, respectively, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year distant metastasis rates were 1.6%, 2.5%, and 7.9%, respectively. The overall survival rates of the patients at 1, 3, and 5 years were 98.4%, 94.8%, 89.5%, respectively, with disease-free survival rates of 98.4%, 93.0%, and 83.1%, respectively. No major complications occurred in these cases, and multivariate analysis showed that the tumor number (P=0.015) and tumor growth patterns (P=0.049) were independent risk factors that adversely affected the long-term outcome after surgery. Conclusion Our data show that microwave ablation is a safe and effective modality for treatment of renal cell carcinoma.