云南中低海拔甘蔗细茎野生种遗传力和配合力分析

摘要

[目的]筛选遗传力和配合力表现优良的云南甘蔗细茎野生种及后代,为丰富甘蔗育种材料的遗传多样性奠定种质基础.[方法]依据甘蔗细茎野生种原生地的海拔差异结合SSR分子标记筛选7个云南不同生态型的甘蔗细茎野生种无性系,与以云南当地栽培品种德蔗93-94(母本)进行测交,用R软件对其后代糖产量、蔗茎产量、有效茎数、锤度、茎径、株高6个数量性状进行方差、遗传力和配合力分析.[结果]各组合后代糖产量、蔗茎产量、茎径、株高、有效茎数5个性状表现差异极显著,锤度表现差异显著；各组合后代株高、茎径、糖产量、蔗茎产量的遗传力表现较好,均超67.0％；德蔗93-94x云割82-114和德蔗93-94x云南1号后代株高、有效茎、糖产量和蔗茎产量配合力均表现明显的正效应,德蔗93-94x瑞割07-3和德蔗93-94x瑞割06-7-3后代茎径、糖产量和蔗茎产量配合力有比较明显的正效应,组合德蔗93-94x云割83-184和德蔗93-94x云割83-174后代在有效茎配合力效应表现较好的正效应.[结论]筛选出糖产量、蔗茎产量遗传力和配合力表现突出的云割82-114、瑞割07-30、瑞割06-7-3和云南1号；有效茎数遗传力和配合力优良的云南1号、云割83-184和云割83-174.%[Objective ]The present experiment was conducted to select Saccharum spontaneum L. clones with high combining ability and heritability and expand the sugarcane genetic diversity in breeding. [ Method ] Seven Saccharum spontaneum L, clones, collected from different altitudes of Yunnan Province were selected by using SSR molecular marker and backcrossed with sugarcane variety Dezhe 93-94. The broad-sense heritability and camhining ability of six main economic traits, including plant height,slalk diameter, brix, millabie stalk number, sugar yield and cane yield were calculated by R software. [Result]The results of variance showed that stalk diameter, sugar yield, cane yield, millable stalk number and plant height were highly significant, while the brix was significant. The broad-sense heritability of all combinations was excellent and found over 67.0%. The special combining ability of two combinations viz., Dezhe 93-94×Yunge 82-114 and De2he 93-94×Yunnan 1 showed positive effects on plant height, millable stalk number, sugar yield and cane yield. The special combining ability of Dezhe 93-94xRuige 07-3,Dezhe 93-94×Ruige 06-7-3 showed positive effects on stalk diameter, sugar yield and cane yield. The special combining ability of Dezhe 93-94×Yunge 83-184 and Dezhe 93-94xYunge 83-174 showed positive effects on millable stalk number. [Conclusion]The Sacrharum spontaneum L. clones such as Yunge 82-114, Ruige 07-30, Ruige 06-7-3 and Yunnan 1, which were selected from low and middle altitude areas of Yunnan showed tremendous heritability and combining ability of cane and sugar yield, while Yunnan 1. Yunge 83-174 and Yunge 83-184 showed great heritability and combining ability of millable stalk number, therefore, may be used for developing innovative parents as required in breeding.