2011年早春我国香蕉寒害调查及寒害后恢复对策

摘要

[目的]了解2011年早春低温对我国香蕉生产的影响,提出寒害后香蕉恢复生产的技术措施,为香蕉抗寒栽培提供技术支持.[方法]2011年3月9～16日对我国香蕉主产区广西、广东、海南、云南、福建进行分片区实地寒害调查,对挂果株及待生产用的大、中、小吸芽进行田间解剖分析诊断.[结果]挂果株受寒害影响较吸芽植株敏感,大、中、小吸芽抗寒能力依次增强；同纬度区域高海拔香蕉受寒害比低海拔严重；此次低温对广西中部区域香蕉影响最为严重,挂果株产量损失超过50％,且只能留中小型吸芽作为生产株；广东、海南区域香蕉受寒害影响最小,其他区域居中.[建议]采用覆盖天地膜过冬、喷水保湿、套袋护果御寒等措施；选留受寒害后萌发的吸芽为下造生产株,做好蕉园管理工作,促进吸芽早萌发、早定芽；选育抗寒品种.%[ Objective ]The experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of low temperature on banana yield during early spring season of the year 2011 in order to develop proper measures for recovering banana plantations after being injured, and to sustain banana production under cold temperature conditions. [Method]Investigations were carried out to observe the effects of chilling temperatures on banana plantations in main banana production regions viz., Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Yunnan, and Fujian from March 9th to March 16th, 2011. Large, middle and small sized banana suckers and fruited plants were dissected and diagnosed under field conditions. [Result]The results showed that the fruited banana plants were more sensitive to low temperature compared to suckers. Large sized suckers responded more imperceptibly in cold weather compared to the smaller ones. The chilling damages to banana plants were more severe at high altitude compared to low altitude at same latitude. Banana plantations in central areas of Guangxi were severly affected with low temperature and showed over 50% reduction in yield. Only small and medium-sized suckers were found to be less affected under such conditions and could be planted at production. Banana plantations in the areas of Guangdong and Hainan were affected least, while those in rest of the areas performed averagely. [Suggestion]All kinds of cold-tolerant measures should be adopted to avoid the chilling induced damages to banana plantations. Some of them include covering of plants with thin plastic film in winters, increasing humidity using mist-sprayers, and wrapping fruit with cotton film. The management of banana gardens should be strengthened in order to promote the early germination and growth of suckers. The cold-tolerant variety should be screened.