外源施硒措施对水稻产量品质及植株硒分布的影响

摘要

[目的]探究土壤和叶面施硒肥对水稻产量品质及硒在稻株中分布的影响,为富硒水稻栽培提供参考.[方法]以博Ⅲ优、三香628为试验材料,采用土壤和叶面施用亚硒酸钠的不同施肥方式,分别测定两个水稻品种的产量、品质及植株中硒的含量分布特征.[结果]通过土壤和叶面施用亚硒酸钠对水稻生物量、产量及收获指数均无显著影响(p0.05),但可提高水稻籽粒蛋白质含量,平均增幅分别为1.57％和2.36％,存在品种差异.经土壤和叶面施用硒肥均能显著提高水稻籽粒中的硒含量(P＜0.05),与对照相比,分别增加5.48和10.84倍,且采用叶面施硒时博Ⅲ优、三香628籽粒的硒含量均高于土壤施硒的方式和对照.从水稻植株各部位硒的分配比例看,采用土壤施硒,三香628中硒滞留在根中的比例高于博Ⅲ优,但三香628中硒在茎、叶、籽粒的分布比例低于博Ⅲ优;采用叶面喷施,三香628中硒滞留在叶片的比例高于博Ⅲ优,但三香628中硒在根、茎、籽粒的分布比例低于博Ⅲ优.硒在两种水稻品种的籽粒和其他部位分配比例的不同是造成籽粒硒含量差异的一个重要原因.[结论]通过土壤和叶面施硒肥的农艺措施可在一定程度上调控水稻籽粒硒积累,改善稻米主食区居民的硒营养状况.%[Objective]The present study researched effects of soil and foliar applications of selenium on rice yield,quality,distribution of selenium in seedling,in order to provide reference for selenium-enriched rice cultivation.[Method] BoⅢyou and Sanxiang 628 were taken as experiment materials.After soil and foliar applications of sodium selenite on two rice varieties,yield,quality,the content distribution of selenium in the two rice varieties were determined.[Result]Soil and foliar applications of selenium had no significant effect on rice biomass production and harvest index (P＞0.05),but they could increase rice grain protein content by 1.57％ and 2.36％ respectively.Significant difference on protein content was found between two varieties.Meanwhile,compared to control,soil application of selenium and foliar application of selenium significantly increased(P＜0.05) the selenium content in rice grain by 5.48 and 10.84 times respectively.For both varieties,selenium content in rice grain in foliar application was the higher than those in soil application and control.Furthermore,after soil application of selenium,Sanxiang 628 contained higher proportion of selenium retention in roots than BoⅢyou,while Sanxiang 628 contained lower distribution proportion in stem,leaf and grain than BoⅢyou.After foliar application of selenium,Sanxiang 628 contained higher proportion of selenium in leaf than BoyⅢyou,but Sanxiang 628 contained lower proportion of selenium in root,stem and grain than BoⅢyou.These data indicated that selenium distribution differences in grain and other parts of the two rice varieties might an important cause of differences in grain selenium content.[Conclusion]Agronomic measures like soil and foliar applications of selenium can regulate selenium accumulation in grain to a certain extent.In this way,selenium nutritional quality for people who eat rice as staple food can be improved.