从老子到《管子》四篇:“道”与“心性”的理论转换

摘要

战国中期诸子心性论的产生有一个理论前提，即用“精气”来说明“道”。《管子》四篇将老子“道”与“德”之间的关系由宇宙生成的客观化描述指向了心性化，实现了这个理论转变。《管子》四篇的心性论深深扎根于气化的连续性之中，“心”与“精”、“气”、“神”，乃至于“道”是性质相同的。人通过心性的修养可以贯通于道，于是个体的限制得到突破，人与天地万物即可成为一体%　　There is a theoretical premise for the proposal of mind theory , which uses essence and energy to explain“Tao”.The four articles in Guan Zi depict the relationship between “Tao” and “moral”, from objective descrip-tion of the generation of universe to the nature of mind .The theory of human nature stated in these articles is deeply rooted in the gasification of continuity, and the “heart” and “fine”, “gas” and “god” , and even “Tao” all share the same nature.People, by cultivation of the Mind, can go through Tao, overcome the limit to get a breakthrough , and become one with all the creatures .