施肥对掌叶覆盆子叶绿素荧光参数和r生理特性的影响

摘要

[目的]探讨掌叶覆盆子Rubus chingii的需肥特性,为其优质高产栽培提供理论参考和指导.[方法]以掌叶覆盆子为材料,通过盆栽试验研究不同肥料的低(L)、中(M)和高(H)水平处理对掌叶覆盆子的叶绿素、株高、叶绿素荧光参数及相关生理指标的影响.[结果]随着施肥量的增加,掌叶覆盆子的叶绿素含量、株高、叶绿素荧光参数和生理指标均呈к升趋势.NPK肥L、M和H条件下叶绿素含量增幅稳定,依次增加36.3%、41.3%和53.4%,且各水平间差异显著;复合肥能迅速提高叶绿素含量,但各施肥水平无显著性差异;有机肥在M与H水平,叶绿素含量差异不明显.NPK肥与株高存在极显著相关性,且长势最优,L、M和H水平依次增高40.5%、50.2%和64.4%;有机肥次之,依次增高18.3%、44.0%和56.2%;复合肥稍弱,依次增高16.1%、20.3%和40.7%.NPK肥在各施肥量下,Fv/Fm、ΦpsⅡ、qP均为最高水平,复合肥和有机肥与4个叶绿素荧光参数存在显著相关性,但复合肥处理下,qP在3种肥料中处于最低水平,有机肥处理下的Fv/Fm和 ΦpsⅡ最低.NPK肥与4种生理指标存在显著相关性,各施肥处理下可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸的含量达最高水平,丙?醛含量最低;复合肥在H水平,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量增幅分别为8.4%和2.1%,处于最低水平;有机肥在H水平处理下丙?醛含量增幅36.8%,达到最高水平.[结论]随着施肥量的递增,NPK肥处理下的掌叶覆盆子叶绿素含量和株高差异显著,叶绿素荧光参数和生理指标也表现出优良的特性.%[Objective]To explore the fertilizer requirement of Rubus chingii, and provide a theoretical reference and guidance for its high quality and high yield cultivation in the future.[Method]The effects of different fertilizers fertilizing amounts [low (L), medium (M) and high (H) levels] on the chlorophyll, plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and related physiological indexes of R. chingii were studied by pot experiment.[Result]Chlorophyll content, plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and physiological indexes increased with the increase of fertilization amount. Compared with control, the increases of chlorophyll content under NPK fertilization were stable, being 36.3%, 41.3% and 53.4% under L, M and H levels of NPK fertilization, and differences among NPK levels were significant. Compound fertilization significantly increased chlorophyll content, but there was no significant difference among different levels of compound fertilizer. Chlorophyll content was not significantly different between M and H levels of organic fertilizer. There was highly significant correlation between NPK fertilization levels and plant height. Plant heights under NPK fertilization were the highest, the increases were 40.5%, 50.2% and 64.4%, followed by 18.3%, 44.0% and 56.2% with organic fertilization, and then 16.1%, 20.3% and 40.7% with compound fertilization. At different fertilization levels, NPK fertilization resulted in the highest levels of Fv/Fm, ΦpsⅡ and qP. Compound fertilization and organic fertilization levels had significant correlation with four chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. Among three fertilization treatments, qP was the lowest under compound fertilization, while Fv/Fm and ΦpsⅡ were the lowest under organic fertilization. NPK fertilization level had significant correlation with four physiological indexes. At different fertilization levels, NPK fertilization resulted in the highest contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline, and the lowest MDA content. At H level of compound fertilization, the increases of soluble protein and soluble sugar contents were 8.4% and 2.1% respectively, which were the lowest. At H level of organic fertilization, the increases of MDA content was 36.8%, which was the highest.[Conclusion]With the increase of fertilization levels, the chlorophyll content and plant height of R. chingii significantly increased under NPK fertilization, and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and physiological indexes also had desirable values.