During the 70 years’ historic process of the Soviet Union, compulsory purchase of agricultural products was an important means to ensure national food security. There was several large-scale reform of compulsory purchase varying from forcibly levy, assessed conscription, easing procurement, contract pur-chase, compulsory sales to unified procurement. Overall, the evolution of compulsory purchase changed from violence to nonviolence, from mandatory to voluntary, from unpaid to paid, from low price to high price. These reform measures play a crucial role for Soviet society’ s instability or stability in a short peri-od. After the 1950s, kinds of agricultural products procurement methods have failed, and the national food problems became more serious, its fundamental reason is that the reform does not shake the rigid ag-ricultural management, which saw the collective farms as the core.%在苏联七十余年的历史进程中，农产品征购是保障国家粮食安全的重要手段。征购方式经历了几次较大规模的改革：武力强征—摊派强征—宽松征购—合同订购—义务交售—统一采购。整体来看，征收方式的演变都是从暴力到非暴力，从强制到自愿，从无偿到有偿，从低价到高价。这些改革措施，对于苏联社会短时段或中时段的动荡或稳定起了至关重要的作用。二十世纪50年代后苏联进行的历次农产品征购方式的改革都失败了，导致国家粮食问题愈发严重，根本原因在于改革未触及以集体农庄为核心的僵化的农业管理模式。
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