城镇化过程中农转非居民的贫困消减

摘要

Based on the data set of CGSS2012 and the interviews of Chengdu poverty survey, this article assesses the relation between urbanization and poverty reduction. According to the comparative analysis of local citizens and rural to urban residents, we found that the rural to urban residents’ poverty rate is sig-nificantly higher than the local citizens, but the rural to urban residents’ poverty rate has a group differ-ence, the passive urbanization has a higher poverty rate than the voluntary urbanization. This is because they will not benefit from a urban household immediately, and the passive urbanization usually lives in a poor area. These findings suggest that the reality path of new urbanization is let those who have willing to be urbanized enter cities first, if the suburban economy develop, then let suburbs conversion into urban, and let farmers become citizens.%基于中国综合社会调查数据和成都贫困调查的实地访谈资料，对城镇化的贫困消减作用进行研究。通过比较城市原住居民与农转非居民的贫困发生率，研究发现：与城市原住居民相比，农转非居民的贫困发生率显著更高，且农转非居民内部的贫困发生率存在群体差异，被动市民化者的贫困发生率显著高于主动市民化者。造成这一结果的原因是户籍变更的贫困消减作用存在制度滞后效应，且被动市民化者居住地的经济发展水平相对更差，市民化的收益相对较小。这意味着新型城镇化建设应该让有市民化意愿的农村居民先进入城市，再在经济发展的基础上，将城郊变为城市，将农村居民变为城市居民。