农村劳动力移民的地位分层及认同分化

摘要

在经由“农业生产”向“非农职业”的“一次分化”之后，进入城市从事非农工作的农村劳动力移民正发生着客观社会经济地位和主观地位认同的“二次分化”。利用CGSS2013数据的分析表明：在农村劳动力移民客观社会经济地位的分化过程中，人力资本成为获得较高客观社会经济地位(声望、权力和收入)的关键机制，而社会资本则不具有显著的经济收入回报。此外，在其主观地位认同的分化过程中，客观社会经济地位决定了农村劳动力移民主观地位认同的基本定位，而以“相对剥夺感”为核心的社会体验因素则在很大程度上决定了主客观地位认同偏移的具体方向。相对剥夺体验较强者更易出现地位认同的“向下偏移”，相对剥夺体验较弱者更易出现地位认同的“向上偏移”。%After splitting from“Agricultural Producers” to non-agricultural employee, rural labor immi-grants experience a “Second Differentiation” on objective socioeconomic status and status identification. Based on CGSS2013 , this study finds that human capital plays a vital role in acquiring high objective so-cioeconomic status, but social capital is less important. Furthermore, the differentiation of objective soci-oeconomic status results in the differentiation of subjective status identification, and the identification de-viation is determined by the sense of relative deprivation. Rural labor immigrants who have strong sense of relative deprivation tend to be “Downward Deviation”, while those who have weak sense of relative deprivation are more likely to be “Upward Deviation”.