热防护材料烧蚀性能测试方法研究

摘要

高超声速导弹在大气层中飞行时气动加热严重,防热系统必不可少,而烧蚀型防热是目前应用最广泛的一种防热形式.现阶段利用风洞烧蚀法考核防热材料最为有效,但成本高昂、周期较长,不宜用作材料筛选阶段的考核手段.结合静态高温炉烧蚀法和等离子热流烧蚀法,设计出一种简便易行、热流条件易于调整的热防护材料烧蚀性能测试方法,并利用该方法开展了对几种热防护材料烧蚀性能的考核.实验结果表明,该方法能够模拟热防护材料在服役环境下的冲蚀行为,利用该方法可初步进行热防护材料的配方筛选和防热性能研究.%Thermal protection system is essential for hypersonic missiles due to the severe aerodynamic thermal ablation during flying in aerosphere,ablative thermal protection material is the most widely used.Wind tunnel test is an effective method to evaluate the ablation performance of heat-resistant materials but unsuitable for evaluating candidate insulating materials because of its high cost and long period.A simple test method for evaluating ablation properties of thermal protection materials was developed by combi-ning static ablation and plasma ablation,heat flux of which can be easily adjusted.Ablation properties of several kinds of materials were also investigated.Results indicate that the test method can efficiently simulate the ablation behavior in service environment of thermal protection materials,and the method can be preliminarily used to screen and evaluate the candidate insulating materials.