试论罗素感觉材料理论

摘要

To pursue a sort of certain knowledge that all rational man will have no doubt about,Bertrand Russell star-ted from“sense-datum”,inferring the indirect knowledge about physical object. Whether direct knowledge or indirect knowledge is always objective and open. Russell′s theory of descriptions and knowledge by description make“sense-datum”break through privacy,all knowledge by description can be restored to knowledge by acquaintance at last,and we can get the knowledge of the things we never experienced by means of description indirectly,and achieve the pub-licity of the knowledge in the end. Russell′s theory of“sense-datum”provides an inspiration and reference for achie-ving“how can we get knowledge about the outside world”.%为了追求一种一切有理性的人都不会怀疑的确切的知识，罗素从“感觉材料”出发，从而推论对物理的客体的间接知识。知识是客观的、公开的，无论是直接的知识或间接的知识。摹状词理论和描述的知识使“感觉材料”突破私人性，描述的知识可以还原为亲知的知识，借助描述我们可以间接地对于所从未经验过的事物具有知识，最终达致知识的公共性。罗素“感觉材料”理论为把握“我们如何获得关于外间世界的知识”这一问题提供了启发和参考。