潮土区花生不同基因型品种对养分吸收、分配和利用的差异

摘要

采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了花生不同基因型品种对养分吸收、分配和利用的差异,为豫北花生主产区潮土上麦套花生高效施肥提供技术支撑.结果表明,施肥能显著增加花生对氮、磷、钾的吸收量,豫花9719对氮磷钾的吸收量最高,分别为286.9,36.2,107.5 kg/hm2,豫花9620对氮钾的吸收量最小,分别为269.6,95.4 kg/hm2,豫花9326对磷的吸收量最小,为34.3 kg/hm2;花生吸收的氮主要分配在花生仁和叶中,分别占吸收总量的73.8％～77.7％和10.2％ ～ 13.1％,磷主要分配在花生仁和茎中,分别占总吸磷量的75.5％ ～ 86.0％和6.3％ ～ 15.8％,钾主要分配在茎和花生仁中,分别占吸收总量的38.6％～49.7％和27.0％ ～ 37.8％;不同基因型品种对氮、磷、钾在花生叶、茎、根、花生仁和花生壳中分配的比例有明显的差异;豫花9719的氮磷钾的养分利用率最高,为41.9％,其次是豫花9620,为32.6％,豫花9326的最低,为29.8％.在N,P2O5,K2O施用量分别为180,120,150 kg/hm2条件下,豫花9326是氮磷利用低效型的花生品种;豫花9719是氮钾利用高效型的花生品种;豫花9620是磷利用高效型、钾低效型的花生品种.%The differences of peanut different genotype varieties on major nutrient element uptake,distribution and utilization were studied by field experiment with split-plot randomized block design,to provide technical support on peanut with high-efficiency fertilization on fluvo-aquic soil in main peanut area of north Henan province,in wheat peanut intercropping system.The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in peanut,uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Yuhua 9719 were the highest,were 286.9,36.2,107.5 kg/hm2,respectively,but absorption of nitrogen and potassium in Yuhua 9620 were the lowest,were 269.6,95.4 kg/hm2,respectively,uptake of phosphorus in Yuhua 9326 was the lowest,was 34.3 kg/hm2.Nitrogen was mainly distributed in kernel and leave of peanut,accounted for 73.8％-77.7％,10.2％-13.1％ of the total nitrogen absorption,phosphoru was mainly distributed in kernel and stem of peanut,accounted for 75.5％-86.0％,6.3％-15.8％ of the total phosphorus uptake,potassium was mainly distributed in stems and kernel of peanut,accounted for 38.6％-49.7％,27.0％-37.8％ of the total potassium absorption,respectively,absorbed by peanut.Distribution proportion of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in peanut leaf,stem,root,kernel and peanut shell had obvious difference,of peanut different genotype varieties.NPK nutrient use efficiency of Yuhua 9719 was the highest,was 41.9％,which of Yuhua 9620 was the second,was 32.6％,that of Yuhua 9326 was the lowest,was 29.8％.In our experimental condition,rate of N,P2O5,K2O were respectively applied in 180,120,150 kg/hm2,Yuhua 9326 was a variety of nitrogen,potassium low efficiency use type.Yuhua 9719 was a variety of nitrogen and potassium high efficiency use type.Yuhua 9620 was a variety of phosphorus high efficiency and potassium low efficiency use type.