乡村生态旅游:城镇化进程中保持乡村景观乡土性特征的有效途径——以成都五朵金花为例

摘要

China is the largest developing country in the world and a well-known agricultural country. China's urbanization is a subject of great interest, one that has attracted the attention of people throughout the world.Whereas a handful of studies have assessed various aspects of urbanization (urban expansion, urban transition,urban-rural relationships, the spatial changes in urban and rural areas, motivations for sustaining rural places), little is known of how to retain the indigenous character of rural areas in terms of landscape design. In this paper, the authors set out to contribute to this significant gap. They used Chengdu City and Five Golden Flowers (FGF) village in Chengdu's suburbs as case studies. A detailed description of the application of Ebenezer Howard's Garden City vision in Chengdu City was made; the Garden City vision was the key premise for FGF's ecotourism industry and successful conservation of landscapes with indigenous character. An analysis of the post-ecotourism landscape in FGF was accomplished using a typology method. Finally a set of landscape design methods for retaining indigenous character was proposed. The main conclusion of this paper was as follows: rural ecotourism can contribute to maintaining the indigenous character of rapidly urbanizing rural landscapes with the use of appropriate inheritance and renovation ways. The findings here may provide useful information for decision making by urban planners and policy-makers.%中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,也是著名的农业大国,其城镇化速度之快受到世界的瞩目.国内外有关城镇化的研究范围涵盖城市蔓延、城市转型、城乡关系、城乡空间转换、乡村地区可持续发展的机制等方面,但对于乡村景观本身的乡土性特征应如何保持这个问题却鲜有研究.本文选择成都和位于其近郊的五朵金花景区为案例地,尝试从两个层面填补上述研究空白.一方面,文章阐述了成都市对埃比尼泽·霍华德田园城市理论的应用,这也是成都开展乡村生态旅游、保持乡土性景观特征的重要前提之一.另一方面,文章利用类型学的方法,对五朵金花景区发展生态旅游产业之后的景观特征进行了归纳,并从中提取出一系列保持乡村景观乡土性特征的设计方法.本文的研究结论如下:在快速城镇化的进程中,开展乡村生态旅游对于保持乡土性景观特征具有积极意义,可以通过对传统乡村景观特征的传承和更新等手法来实现.