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山区峡谷大跨度拱桥桥址区风参数数值模拟研究

     

摘要

为研究山区峡谷风参数受地形因素的影响,采用数值模拟的方法,对建设在中国西部山区的一座大跨度拱桥进行桥址区风场分析.首先,建立三维数值分析模型,以圆曲线+余弦曲线的形式对桥位区域进行边界拓展,并在边界上施加指数律风速边界条件;再利用 FLUENT 对流场进行求解.通过对各来流条件下数值计算结果进行对比分析,研究风速放大因子沿主梁及拱肋的分布规律,风偏角和风攻角受地形的影响以及风参数沿高度的变化规律,并讨论风场的峡谷效应以及折减效应.研究结果表明:多数工况下桥位处风速由于高陡山体的折减效应而减小,而在一定的来流条件下,桥位处风速因峡谷效应而放大;高陡山体以及深切峡谷会导致风偏角和风攻角的较大变化;风参数沿高度方向的分布规律受到高陡山体影响而改变;拱肋处在同一来流条件下的峡谷效应与折减效应与主梁基本一致.%In order to research on the influence of topographic factor on the wind parameter in the canyon of mountainous area, numerical simulation was adopted to analyze the wind field at a long-span bridge site constructed in mountainous area of the western China. Firstly, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation was performed so as to expand the boundary of the bridge location in the form of circular curve and cosine curve. Then, exponential-type boundary condition of wind speed was imposed. At last, the flow was solved by FLUENT code. Through the comparison and analysis of the numerical result of each inflow condition, the distribution rule of wind speed amplification factor along the main girder and arch rib, the influence of topographic factor on wind yaw angle and wind attack angle, and the variation law of wind parameter along the height were studied. In addition, the influence of canyon effect and reduction effect on the wind field was discussed. It is shown in the result, in most working conditions, wind speed at the bridge location decreases owing to the reduction effect of the high and steep mountain, while on the condition of certain incoming flow, the wind speed at the bridge location is amplified owing to canyon effect. The sharp change of wind yaw angle and the wind attack angle might be caused by the high and steep mountain and deep canyon. The distribution rule of wind parameter along the height might be changed owing to the influence of the high and steep mountain. The canyon effect and reduction effect of arch rib are basically the same as the main girder.

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