2010～2012年黔南州免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病控制效果分析

摘要

Objective:Occurrence and variation trends of EPI vaccines targeted respiratory infectious diseases in Qiannan from 201 0 to 201 2 were described and analyzed,to provide reference for assessment of the effect of national EPI work.Methods:Epidemiological data and thematic survey reports of the statewide im-munization program of vaccine against respiratory infectious diseases from 201 0 to 201 2 were collected,and analyzed and statistically processed using epidemiological methods and statistical methods.Results:During 201 0-201 2,3,294 cases of 4 EPI vaccines targeted respiratory infections were reported in Qiannan,with an average annual incidence rate of 26.1 4/1 00,000.The ranking according to the average annual number of in-cidence and prevalence was 2,898 cases of mumps (23.00/1 00,000),377 cases of rubella (2.99/1 00, 000),1 8 cases of measles (0.1 4/1 00,000),and 1 case of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (0.007 /1 00,000).There was big difference among the number of cases reported each year,indicating the different occurrence intensity,but the overall trend was a continuous decrease.Conclusion:The control effect of the immunization program for the 4 vaccines targeted respiratory diseases in Qianzhou was different.The case noti-fication rates of measles during the three years fluctuated only within the range of 0.1 2 to 0.1 7/1 00,000,the epidemiological type was scattered,and the occurrence was gradually diminishing.The case notification rates of mumps and rubella during the three years showed fluctuations between 1 4.00 and 36.38/1 00,000,and the epidemiological type was often outbreaks,showing significant difference in the occurrence among years, which indicated that the control effect was poor.Only 1 case of meningococcal meningitis occurred during the three years in the scattered children,showing obvious control effect.%目的：描述与分析黔南州2010～2012年免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病报告发生数与变化趋势，为辖区的国家扩大免疫规划工作效果提供评价依据。方法：收集全州2010～2012年免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病疫情资料和专题调查报告，应用流行病学方法与统计学方法进行分析和统计处理。结果：2010～2012年三年间，黔南州共报告发生4种免疫规划疫苗针对呼吸道传染病3294例，年平均发病率26.14/10万。按照发病数及年均发病率依次为流行性腮腺炎2898例，23.00/10万；风疹377例，2.99/10万；麻疹18例0.14/10万；流行性脑脊髓膜炎1例，0.007/10万。各年间发病报告数差别较大，显示不同年份发生强度不尽相同，但总的趋势呈递减走向。结论：黔南州免疫规划疫苗针对4种呼吸道传染病的控制效果不同。麻疹的病例报告率三年间波动范围仅限于0.12/10万～0.17/10万之间，流行类型为散在发生，发生数呈逐年小幅递减。流行性腮腺炎与风疹病例报告率三年间波动范围在14.00/10万～36.38/10万之间，流行类型常以暴发出现，各年间发生数变化很大，控制效果较差。流行性脑脊髓膜炎三年间仅在散居儿童中发生1例，控制效果明显。