相对年龄效应对初中生和大学生自尊及自杀意念的影响

摘要

目的了解初中生、大学生自尊和自杀意念的现状及其与相对年龄效应的相关性.方法选取213 名大学生和311 名中学生作为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷,自尊量表(SES) 和自杀意念量表(SIOSS) 等进行问卷调查.结果 61 名中学生有自杀意念,占19. 60％; 18 名大学生有自杀意念,占8. 45％.初中生高年龄组的SES 得分高于低年龄组(P < 0. 05) ,大学生高年龄组的SES 得分低于低年龄组(P < 0. 05) .多重线性回归分析结果显示母亲关系、父亲关系、相对年龄是初中生自尊的主要影响因素(P < 0. 05) ,而生源地、母亲关系、相对年龄是大学生自尊的主要影响因素(P < 0. 05) .自尊、母亲关系、宗教是初中生自杀意念的主要影响因素(P < 0. 05) ,而自尊、宗教是大学生自杀意念的主要影响因素(P < 0. 05) .结论相对年龄效应对新乡地区的中学生和大学生的自尊产生了显著且不同的影响,尽管自尊与自杀意念之间存在相关,但尚未证实相对年龄效应对自杀意念产生了影响.%Objective To explore the current situation of self-esteem and suicidal ideation in junior middle school students and college students and its correlation with relative age effect. Methods A total of 213 college students and 311 junior middle school students were selected and assessed with general information questionnaire,Self-esteem Scale(SES) and Suicidal Ideation Scale(SIOSS) . Results 61 junior middle school students had suicidal ideation,accounting for 19. 60％,and 18 college students had suicidal ideation,accounting for 8. 45％. The total score of SES in senior junior middle school students was significantly higher than that in the younger junior middle school students,and the total score of SES in senior college students was significantly lower than that in younger college students(P < 0. 05) . The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal relationship,paternal relationship and relative age were the main factors influencing the self-esteem in junior middle school students(P < 0. 05) ,and the source of students,maternal relationship and relative age were the main influencing factors of college students'self-esteem(P < 0. 05) ; maternal relationship,self-esteem and religion were the main influencing factors of suicidal ideation in junior middle school students(P < 0. 05) ,and self-esteem and religion were the main influencing factors of suicidal ideation in college students(P < 0. 05) . Conclusion The relative age effect has a significant and opposite effect on the self-esteem of junior middle school students and college students in Xinxiang. Although there is a correlation between self-esteem and suicidal ideation,the relative age effect has not been proven to have an effect on suicidal ideation.