广州地区热带无爪螨在呼吸道过敏性疾病的致敏模式

摘要

Objective To investigate the sensitization pattern of Blomia tropicalis in patients with aller-gic respiratory disease and the association between Blomia tropicalis with allergic rhinitis and / or asthma. Meth-ods 330 allergic rhinitis and / or asthma patients sensitized with mites were selected in Guangzhou,and sIgE lev-el in the serum of all recruited patients of Blomia tropical,Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide fa-rina was measured. Results The sensitization rate of Blomia tropicalis was significantly lower than that of Derma-tophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina(P < 0.001,both). 80.0% Patients were sensitized with both three mites,and only 0.3% patients were of monosensitization to Blomia tropicalis. The sIgE of these three mites were significantly positive correlated with each other(P < 0.001),Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus and Derma-tophagoide farina have strong correlation(r = 0.906),Blomia tropicalis has moderate correlation with Dermatopha-goide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina(r = 0.540 and r = 0.512,respectively). With the increase of Blomia tropicalis sIgE,the severe sensitization rate(sIgE level:class 5~6)of patients sensitized combined Der-matophagoide pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoide farina significantly increased(P < 0.001). The sIgE level of Der-matophagoide pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoide farina in allergic asthma and rhinitis patients were significantly higher than that of patients with rhinitis or asthma alone(P < 0.001),and the sIgE level of Blomia tropicalis in pa-tients with both allergic asthma and rhinitis or with asthma alone were also significantly higher than that of patients with rhinitis alone(P = 0.006 and P = 0.020,respectively). Conclusion The Blomia tropicalis sensitized pa-tients usually sensitize together with Dermatophagoide pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoide farina,and the degree of Blomia tropicalis sensitized in asthma patients are higher.%目的 探讨热带无爪螨在呼吸道过敏性疾病中的致敏模式,及其与过敏性鼻炎和(或)哮喘的联系.方法 筛选广州地区尘螨致敏过敏性鼻炎和(或)哮喘患者330例,对其血清热带无爪螨、屋尘螨和粉尘螨的sIgE检测结果进行分析.结果 热带无爪螨的致敏率均明显低于屋尘螨和粉尘螨(均P<0.001).3种螨同时致敏者占80.0%,仅0.3%患者只对热带无爪螨致敏.3种螨的sIgE水平两两间均具有显著正相关性(P<0.001),屋尘螨与粉尘螨致敏高度相关(rs=0.906),热带无爪螨与屋尘螨、粉尘螨的致敏呈中度相关(rs=0.540和rs=0.512).随着热带无爪螨sIgE水平的升高,合并屋尘螨或粉尘螨重度致敏(sIgE水平为5~6级)的阳性率均显著升高(P<0.001).过敏性鼻炎伴哮喘患者的屋尘螨、粉尘螨sIgE显著高于单纯鼻炎、哮喘患者(均P<0.001),过敏性鼻炎伴哮喘和哮喘患者中,热带无爪螨sIgE水平显著高于鼻炎患者(P=0.006和P=0.020).结论 热带无爪螨致敏患者常合并屋尘螨和粉尘螨同时致敏,且哮喘患者热带无爪螨致敏程度更高.